Astronomy Data And Computing Services - Upskilling the Australian astronomy community
The Astronomy Data And Computing Services (ADACS) initiative has been working with the Australian astronomy community for just over 3 years now. Our vision is to deliver astronomy-focused training, support and expertise to maximise the scientific return on investments in astronomical data &...
Keywords: astronomy, data skills, eresearch skills, skills, computational skills, training, skills gaps, astronomy-focused training, training material
Astronomy Data And Computing Services - Upskilling the Australian astronomy community
https://zenodo.org/records/4287748
https://dresa.org.au/materials/astronomy-data-and-computing-services-upskilling-the-australian-astronomy-community-57afa0b9-77da-4dc1-ad29-25089f19363d
The Astronomy Data And Computing Services (ADACS) initiative has been working with the Australian astronomy community for just over 3 years now. Our vision is to deliver astronomy-focused training, support and expertise to maximise the scientific return on investments in astronomical data & computing infrastructure.
During these last 3 years, we have delivered dozens of face-to-face, hands-on workshops and created several hours worth of online tutorial materials. This talk will focus on our journey to deliver this computational skills training to the community, exploring how we chose different delivery pathways and content, based both on community input as well as our professional expertise and understanding of existing skill gaps. Most importantly we will discuss our plans for the future and how we are working on actively including the community in developing new training material beyond the usual skills survey.
Come along to this talk if you would like to hear about a national effort to deliver computational skills training and would like to know more about potential new avenues to provide just-in-time training and how to collaborate with ADACS.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Lange, Rebecca (orcid: 0000-0002-9449-4384)
astronomy, data skills, eresearch skills, skills, computational skills, training, skills gaps, astronomy-focused training, training material
WORKSHOP: RNASeq: reads to differential genes and pathways
This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop 'RNASeq: reads to differential genes and pathways'. This workshop took place over two, 3 hour sessions on 11 and 12 October 2023.Event descriptionRNA sequencing (RNAseq) is a popular and powerful technique...
Keywords: bioinformatics, transcriptomics, RNA-seq, RNAseq
WORKSHOP: RNASeq: reads to differential genes and pathways
https://zenodo.org/records/10045628
https://dresa.org.au/materials/workshop-rnaseq-reads-to-differential-genes-and-pathways
This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop 'RNASeq: reads to differential genes and pathways'. This workshop took place over two, 3 hour sessions on 11 and 12 October 2023.Event descriptionRNA sequencing (RNAseq) is a popular and powerful technique used to understand the activity of genes. Using differential gene profiling methods, we can use RNAseq data to gain valuable insights into gene activity and identify variability in gene expression between samples to understand the molecular pathways underpinning many different traits. In this hands-on workshop, you will learn RNAseq fundamentals as you process, analyse, and interpret the results from a real RNAseq experiment on the command-line. In session one, you will convert raw sequence reads to analysis-ready count data with the nf-core/rnaseq workflow. In session two, you'll work interactively in RStudio to identify differentially expressed genes,perform functional enrichment analysis, and visualise and interpret your results using popular and best practice R packages. This workshop was delivered as a part of the Australian BioCommons Bring Your Own Data Platforms Project and will provide you with an opportunity to explore services and infrastructure built specifically for life scientists working at the command line. By the end of the workshop, you will be familiar with Pawsey's Nimbus cloud platform and be able to process your own RNAseq datasets and perform differential expression analysis on the command-line. Materials are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International agreement unless otherwise specified and were current at the time of the event.Lead trainers: Dr Georgina Samaha (Sydney Informatics Hub), Dr Nandan Deshpande (Sydney Informatics Hub)Facilitators: Ching-Yu Lu and Jessica Chung.Infrastructure provision: Audrey Stott (Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre), Alex Ip (AARNet)Host: Melissa Burke, Australian BioCommons Training materialsFiles and materials included in this record:Event metadata (PDF): Information about the event including, description, event URL, learning objectives, prerequisites, technical requirements etc.Index of training materials (PDF): List and description of all materials associated with this event including the name, format, location and a brief description of each file.Materials shared elsewhere:This workshop follows the tutorial 'Introduction to RNAseq workshop: reads to differential gene expression' developed by the Sydney Informatics Hub.https://sydney-informatics-hub.github.io/rnaseq-workshop-2023/Additional supporting materials are available via GitHubRstudio rnaseq container: https://github.com/Sydney-Informatics-Hub/Rstudio-rnaseq-contained/tree/mainRNAseq differential expression R notebook: https://github.com/Sydney-Informatics-Hub/rna-differential-expression-Rnotebook
Melissa Burke (melissa@biocommons.org.au)
Samaha, Georgina (orcid: 0000-0003-0419-1476)
Deshpande, Nandan (orcid: 0000-0002-0324-8728)
Lu, Ching-Yu
Chung, Jessica (orcid: 0000-0002-0627-0955)
Stott, Audrey
Ip, Alex (orcid: 0000-0001-8937-8904)
bioinformatics, transcriptomics, RNA-seq, RNAseq
WORKSHOP: R: fundamental skills for biologists
This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop ‘R: fundamental skills for biologists’. This workshop took place over four, three-hour sessions on 1, 8, 15 and 22 June 2022.
Event description
Biologists need data analysis skills to be able to...
Keywords: Bioinformatics, Analysis, Statistics, R software, RStudio, Data visualisation
WORKSHOP: R: fundamental skills for biologists
https://zenodo.org/records/6766951
https://dresa.org.au/materials/workshop-r-fundamental-skills-for-biologists-81aa00db-63ad-4962-a7ac-b885bf9f676b
This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop ‘R: fundamental skills for biologists’. This workshop took place over four, three-hour sessions on 1, 8, 15 and 22 June 2022.
Event description
Biologists need data analysis skills to be able to interpret, visualise and communicate their research results. While Excel can cover some data analysis needs, there is a better choice, particularly for large and complex datasets.
R is a free, open-source software and programming language that enables data exploration, statistical analysis, visualisation and more. The large variety of R packages available for analysing biological data make it a robust and flexible option for data of all shapes and sizes.
Getting started can be a little daunting for those without a background in statistics and programming. In this workshop we will equip you with the foundations for getting the most out of R and RStudio, an interactive way of structuring and keeping track of your work in R. Using biological data from a model of influenza infection, you will learn how to efficiently and reproducibly organise, read, wrangle, analyse, visualise and generate reports from your data in R.
Topics covered in this workshop include:
Spreadsheets, organising data and first steps with R
Manipulating and analysing data with dplyr
Data visualisation
Summarized experiments and getting started with Bioconductor
This workshop is presented by the Australian BioCommons and Saskia Freytag from WEHI with the assistance of a network of facilitators from the national Bioinformatics Training Cooperative.
Materials are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International agreement unless otherwise specified and were current at the time of the event.
Files and materials included in this record:
Event metadata (PDF): Information about the event including, description, event URL, learning objectives, prerequisites, technical requirements etc.
Index of training materials (PDF): List and description of all materials associated with this event including the name, format, location and a brief description of each file.
Schedule (PDF): A breakdown of the topics and timings for the workshop
Recommended resources (PDF): A list of resources recommended by trainers and participants
Q_and_A(PDF): Archive of questions and their answers from the workshop Slack Channel.
Materials shared elsewhere:
This workshop follows the tutorial ‘Introduction to data analysis with R and Bioconductor’ which is publicly available.
https://saskiafreytag.github.io/biocommons-r-intro/
This is derived from material produced as part of The Carpentries Incubator project
https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/bioc-intro/
Melissa Burke (melissa@biocommons.org.au)
Freytag, Saskia (orcid: 0000-0002-2185-7068)
Barugahare, Adele (orcid: 0000-0002-8976-0094)
Doyle, Maria
Ansell, Brendan (orcid: 0000-0003-0297-897X)
Varshney, Akriti
Bourke, Caitlin (orcid: 0000-0002-4466-6563)
Conradsen, Cara (orcid: 0000-0001-9797-3412)
Jung, Chol-Hee (orcid: 0000-0002-2992-3162)
Sandoval, Claudia
Chandrananda, Dineika (orcid: 0000-0002-8834-9500)
Zhang, Eden (orcid: 0000-0003-0294-3734)
Rosello, Fernando (orcid: 0000-0003-3885-8777)
Iacono, Giulia (orcid: 0000-0002-1527-0754)
Tarasova, Ilariya (orcid: 0000-0002-0895-9385)
Chung, Jessica (orcid: 0000-0002-0627-0955)
Moffet, Joel
Gustafsson, Johan (orcid: 0000-0002-2977-5032)
Ding, Ke
Feher, Kristen
Perlaza-Jimenez, Laura (orcid: 0000-0002-8511-1134)
Crowe, Mark (orcid: 0000-0002-9514-2487)
Ma, Mengyao
Kandhari, Nitika (orcid: 0000-0002-0261-727X)
Williams, Sarah
Nelson, Tiffanie (orcid: 0000-0002-5341-312X)
Schreiber, Veronika (orcid: 0000-0001-6088-7828)
Pinzon Perez, William
Bioinformatics, Analysis, Statistics, R software, RStudio, Data visualisation
Astronomy Data And Computing Services - Upskilling the Australian astronomy community
The Astronomy Data And Computing Services (ADACS) initiative has been working with the Australian astronomy community for just over 3 years now. Our vision is to deliver astronomy-focused training, support and expertise to maximise the scientific return on investments in astronomical data &...
Keywords: astronomy, data skills, eresearch skills, skills, computational skills, training, skills gaps, astronomy-focused training, training material
Astronomy Data And Computing Services - Upskilling the Australian astronomy community
https://zenodo.org/records/4287748
https://dresa.org.au/materials/astronomy-data-and-computing-services-upskilling-the-australian-astronomy-community-afea50d0-f7fe-4ad7-ad41-89fad7c14f65
The Astronomy Data And Computing Services (ADACS) initiative has been working with the Australian astronomy community for just over 3 years now. Our vision is to deliver astronomy-focused training, support and expertise to maximise the scientific return on investments in astronomical data & computing infrastructure.
During these last 3 years, we have delivered dozens of face-to-face, hands-on workshops and created several hours worth of online tutorial materials. This talk will focus on our journey to deliver this computational skills training to the community, exploring how we chose different delivery pathways and content, based both on community input as well as our professional expertise and understanding of existing skill gaps. Most importantly we will discuss our plans for the future and how we are working on actively including the community in developing new training material beyond the usual skills survey.
Come along to this talk if you would like to hear about a national effort to deliver computational skills training and would like to know more about potential new avenues to provide just-in-time training and how to collaborate with ADACS.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Lange, Rebecca (orcid: 0000-0002-9449-4384)
astronomy, data skills, eresearch skills, skills, computational skills, training, skills gaps, astronomy-focused training, training material
Time to fill the gaps: Building out a national training inventory
This community discussion seeks to bring together the instructors and facilitators tasked with upskilling researchers and support staff. While this collective dialogue among instructors is not new, what is new is the traction that various groups are getting.
The newly formed group of...
Keywords: training inventory, training registry, national skills initiatives, training material
Time to fill the gaps: Building out a national training inventory
https://zenodo.org/records/4287858
https://dresa.org.au/materials/time-to-fill-the-gaps-building-out-a-national-training-inventory-cd4f10d8-83c0-4870-95e2-ee9ed4aa72c7
This community discussion seeks to bring together the instructors and facilitators tasked with upskilling researchers and support staff. While this collective dialogue among instructors is not new, what is new is the traction that various groups are getting.
The newly formed group of eResearch support staff gathered by the Melbourne Data Analytics Platform (MDAP) and Sydney Informatics Hub (SIH) is one such group, as is the Lightweight Working Group (LWG): Researcher digital skills training data for enabling digital infrastructure use, spearheaded by University of Melbourne’s David Flanders during the pre-Skills Summit discussions.
In this session we seek to build on the momentum, by including a hands-on working session. Participants are asked to come with information to share and questions they seek to answer. During the first half of this session, attendees will populate a public document with shareable training details. The goal is to at least double the size of the new cross-institutional national training collection started by the LWG.
The second half of this session will be to ask questions to arrive at next steps. What do we need to do to continue building out this national training inventory and who will be in charge of maintaining and distributing the archive? What platforms exist and are used to capture training data and material and make it readily maintainable and findable? Can the material be reused and how do we recognise and capture re-use? Do we know about how to apply a license to our materials for appropriate reuse or do we need guidance?
While there will likely be more questions than these, one question has been answered. When can we move from talking to doing? That time is now.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Backhaus, Ann
Lange, Rebecca (orcid: 0000-0002-9449-4384)
Padmanabhan, Komathy
King, Sara (orcid: 0000-0003-3199-5592)
training inventory, training registry, national skills initiatives, training material
ARDC FAIR Data 101 self-guided
FAIR Data 101 v3.0 is a self-guided course covering the FAIR Data principles
The FAIR Data 101 virtual course was designed and delivered by the ARDC Skilled Workforce Program twice in 2020 and has now been reworked as a self-guided course.
The course structure was based on 'FAIR Data in the...
Keywords: training material, FAIR data, video, webinar, activities, quiz, FAIR, research data management
ARDC FAIR Data 101 self-guided
https://zenodo.org/records/5094034
https://dresa.org.au/materials/ardc-fair-data-101-self-guided-2d794a84-f0ff-4e11-a39c-fa8ea481e097
FAIR Data 101 v3.0 is a self-guided course covering the FAIR Data principles
The FAIR Data 101 virtual course was designed and delivered by the ARDC Skilled Workforce Program twice in 2020 and has now been reworked as a self-guided course.
The course structure was based on 'FAIR Data in the Scholarly Communications Lifecycle', run by Natasha Simons at the FORCE11 Scholarly Communications Institute. These training materials are hosted on GitHub.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Stokes, Liz (orcid: 0000-0002-2973-5647)
Liffers, Matthias (orcid: 0000-0002-3639-2080)
Burton, Nichola (orcid: 0000-0003-4470-4846)
Martinez, Paula A. (orcid: 0000-0002-8990-1985)
Simons, Natasha (orcid: 0000-0003-0635-1998)
Russell, Keith (orcid: 0000-0001-5390-2719)
McCafferty, Siobhann (orcid: 0000-0002-2491-0995)
Ferrers, Richard (orcid: 0000-0002-2923-9889)
McEachern, Steve (orcid: 0000-0001-7848-4912)
Barlow, Melanie (orcid: 0000-0002-3956-5784)
Brady, Catherine (orcid: 0000-0002-7919-7592)
Brownlee, Rowan (orcid: 0000-0002-1955-1262)
Honeyman, Tom (orcid: 0000-0001-9448-4023)
Quiroga, Maria del Mar (orcid: 0000-0002-8943-2808)
training material, FAIR data, video, webinar, activities, quiz, FAIR, research data management
WORKSHOP: R: fundamental skills for biologists
This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop ‘R: fundamental skills for biologists’. This workshop took place over four, three-hour sessions on 1, 8, 15 and 22 June 2022.
Event description
Biologists need data analysis skills to be able to...
Keywords: Bioinformatics, Analysis, Statistics, R software, RStudio, Data visualisation
WORKSHOP: R: fundamental skills for biologists
https://zenodo.org/record/6766951
https://dresa.org.au/materials/workshop-r-fundamental-skills-for-biologists
This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop ‘R: fundamental skills for biologists’. This workshop took place over four, three-hour sessions on 1, 8, 15 and 22 June 2022.
**Event description**
Biologists need data analysis skills to be able to interpret, visualise and communicate their research results. While Excel can cover some data analysis needs, there is a better choice, particularly for large and complex datasets.
R is a free, open-source software and programming language that enables data exploration, statistical analysis, visualisation and more. The large variety of R packages available for analysing biological data make it a robust and flexible option for data of all shapes and sizes.
Getting started can be a little daunting for those without a background in statistics and programming. In this workshop we will equip you with the foundations for getting the most out of R and RStudio, an interactive way of structuring and keeping track of your work in R. Using biological data from a model of influenza infection, you will learn how to efficiently and reproducibly organise, read, wrangle, analyse, visualise and generate reports from your data in R.
Topics covered in this workshop include:
- Spreadsheets, organising data and first steps with R
- Manipulating and analysing data with dplyr
- Data visualisation
- Summarized experiments and getting started with Bioconductor
This workshop is presented by the Australian BioCommons and Saskia Freytag from WEHI with the assistance of a network of facilitators from the national Bioinformatics Training Cooperative.
Materials are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International agreement unless otherwise specified and were current at the time of the event.
**Files and materials included in this record:**
- Event metadata (PDF): Information about the event including, description, event URL, learning objectives, prerequisites, technical requirements etc.
- Index of training materials (PDF): List and description of all materials associated with this event including the name, format, location and a brief description of each file.
- Schedule (PDF): A breakdown of the topics and timings for the workshop
- Recommended resources (PDF): A list of resources recommended by trainers and participants
- Q_and_A(PDF): Archive of questions and their answers from the workshop Slack Channel.
**Materials shared elsewhere:**
This workshop follows the tutorial ‘Introduction to data analysis with R and Bioconductor’ which is publicly available.
https://saskiafreytag.github.io/biocommons-r-intro/
This is derived from material produced as part of The Carpentries Incubator project
https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/bioc-intro/
Melissa Burke (melissa@biocommons.org.au)
Freytag, Saskia (orcid: 0000-0002-2185-7068)
Barugahare, Adele (orcid: 0000-0002-8976-0094)
Doyle, Maria
Ansell, Brendan (orcid: 0000-0003-0297-897X)
Varshney, Akriti
Bourke, Caitlin (orcid: 0000-0002-4466-6563)
Conradsen, Cara (orcid: 0000-0001-9797-3412)
Jung, Chol-Hee (orcid: 0000-0002-2992-3162)
Sandoval, Claudia
Chandrananda, Dineika (orcid: 0000-0002-8834-9500)
Zhang, Eden (orcid: 0000-0003-0294-3734)
Rosello, Fernando (orcid: 0000-0003-3885-8777)
Iacono, Giulia (orcid: 0000-0002-1527-0754)
Tarasova, Ilariya (orcid: 0000-0002-0895-9385)
Chung, Jessica (orcid: 0000-0002-0627-0955)
Moffet, Joel
Gustafsson, Johan (orcid: 0000-0002-2977-5032)
Ding, Ke
Feher, Kristen
Perlaza-Jimenez, Laura (orcid: 0000-0002-8511-1134)
Crowe, Mark (orcid: 0000-0002-9514-2487)
Ma, Mengyao
Kandhari, Nitika (orcid: 0000-0002-0261-727X)
Williams, Sarah
Nelson, Tiffanie (orcid: 0000-0002-5341-312X)
Schreiber, Veronika (orcid: 0000-0001-6088-7828)
Pinzon Perez, William
Bioinformatics, Analysis, Statistics, R software, RStudio, Data visualisation
Time to fill the gaps: Building out a national training inventory
This community discussion seeks to bring together the instructors and facilitators tasked with upskilling researchers and support staff. While this collective dialogue among instructors is not new, what is new is the traction that various groups are getting.
The newly formed group of...
Keywords: training inventory, training registry, national skills initiatives, training material
Time to fill the gaps: Building out a national training inventory
https://zenodo.org/record/4287858
https://dresa.org.au/materials/time-to-fill-the-gaps-building-out-a-national-training-inventory
This community discussion seeks to bring together the instructors and facilitators tasked with upskilling researchers and support staff. While this collective dialogue among instructors is not new, what is new is the traction that various groups are getting.
The newly formed group of eResearch support staff gathered by the Melbourne Data Analytics Platform (MDAP) and Sydney Informatics Hub (SIH) is one such group, as is the Lightweight Working Group (LWG): Researcher digital skills training data for enabling digital infrastructure use, spearheaded by University of Melbourne’s David Flanders during the pre-Skills Summit discussions.
In this session we seek to build on the momentum, by including a hands-on working session. Participants are asked to come with information to share and questions they seek to answer. During the first half of this session, attendees will populate a public document with shareable training details. The goal is to at least double the size of the new cross-institutional national training collection started by the LWG.
The second half of this session will be to ask questions to arrive at next steps. What do we need to do to continue building out this national training inventory and who will be in charge of maintaining and distributing the archive? What platforms exist and are used to capture training data and material and make it readily maintainable and findable? Can the material be reused and how do we recognise and capture re-use? Do we know about how to apply a license to our materials for appropriate reuse or do we need guidance?
While there will likely be more questions than these, one question has been answered. When can we move from talking to doing? That time is now.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Backhaus, Ann
Lange, Rebecca (orcid: 0000-0002-9449-4384)
Padmanabhan, Komathy
King, Sara (orcid: 0000-0003-3199-5592)
training inventory, training registry, national skills initiatives, training material
ARDC FAIR Data 101 self-guided
FAIR Data 101 v3.0 is a self-guided course covering the FAIR Data principles
The FAIR Data 101 virtual course was designed and delivered by the ARDC Skilled Workforce Program twice in 2020 and has now been reworked as a self-guided course.
The course structure was based on 'FAIR Data in the...
Keywords: training material, FAIR data, video, webinar, activities, quiz, FAIR, research data management
ARDC FAIR Data 101 self-guided
https://zenodo.org/record/5094034
https://dresa.org.au/materials/ardc-fair-data-101-self-guided-bba41a59-8479-4f4f-b9ee-337b9eb294bf
FAIR Data 101 v3.0 is a self-guided course covering the FAIR Data principles
The FAIR Data 101 virtual course was designed and delivered by the ARDC Skilled Workforce Program twice in 2020 and has now been reworked as a self-guided course.
The course structure was based on 'FAIR Data in the Scholarly Communications Lifecycle', run by Natasha Simons at the FORCE11 Scholarly Communications Institute. These training materials are hosted on GitHub.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Stokes, Liz (orcid: 0000-0002-2973-5647)
Liffers, Matthias (orcid: 0000-0002-3639-2080)
Burton, Nichola (orcid: 0000-0003-4470-4846)
Martinez, Paula A. (orcid: 0000-0002-8990-1985)
Simons, Natasha (orcid: 0000-0003-0635-1998)
Russell, Keith (orcid: 0000-0001-5390-2719)
McCafferty, Siobhann (orcid: 0000-0002-2491-0995)
Ferrers, Richard (orcid: 0000-0002-2923-9889)
McEachern, Steve (orcid: 0000-0001-7848-4912)
Barlow, Melanie (orcid: 0000-0002-3956-5784)
Brady, Catherine (orcid: 0000-0002-7919-7592)
Brownlee, Rowan (orcid: 0000-0002-1955-1262)
Honeyman, Tom (orcid: 0000-0001-9448-4023)
Quiroga, Maria del Mar (orcid: 0000-0002-8943-2808)
training material, FAIR data, video, webinar, activities, quiz, FAIR, research data management
Astronomy Data And Computing Services - Upskilling the Australian astronomy community
The Astronomy Data And Computing Services (ADACS) initiative has been working with the Australian astronomy community for just over 3 years now. Our vision is to deliver astronomy-focused training, support and expertise to maximise the scientific return on investments in astronomical data &...
Keywords: astronomy, data skills, eresearch skills, skills, computational skills, training, skills gaps, astronomy-focused training, training material
Astronomy Data And Computing Services - Upskilling the Australian astronomy community
https://zenodo.org/record/4287748
https://dresa.org.au/materials/astronomy-data-and-computing-services-upskilling-the-australian-astronomy-community
The Astronomy Data And Computing Services (ADACS) initiative has been working with the Australian astronomy community for just over 3 years now. Our vision is to deliver astronomy-focused training, support and expertise to maximise the scientific return on investments in astronomical data & computing infrastructure.
During these last 3 years, we have delivered dozens of face-to-face, hands-on workshops and created several hours worth of online tutorial materials. This talk will focus on our journey to deliver this computational skills training to the community, exploring how we chose different delivery pathways and content, based both on community input as well as our professional expertise and understanding of existing skill gaps. Most importantly we will discuss our plans for the future and how we are working on actively including the community in developing new training material beyond the usual skills survey.
Come along to this talk if you would like to hear about a national effort to deliver computational skills training and would like to know more about potential new avenues to provide just-in-time training and how to collaborate with ADACS.
contact@ardc.edu.au
Lange, Rebecca (orcid: 0000-0002-9449-4384)
astronomy, data skills, eresearch skills, skills, computational skills, training, skills gaps, astronomy-focused training, training material